Internal-combustion engine



April 19 E. o. BENNETT 1,709,652

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed Sept. 30, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR A ril 16, 1929. E. o. BENNETT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Fi1ed,Sept.50, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Patented Apr. 16, 1929.

UNITED STATES EDWARD o. BENNETT,- F nos ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed September 30, 1826. Serial No. 138,711.

The present inventionis an improved in- ,ternal combustion engine. The objects of my invention include:

( 1) the provision of an engine of the character described which will economize in weight as well as in fuel consumption, and

will effect a conservation of space, and afford easy accessibility of parts for removal, replacement or adjustment.

The present invention contemplates a two cycle engine andthis type is shown in the drawings, but many of the advantageous features hereinafter described are serviceable in and applicable to the 4 cycle type.

Another object of the invention is a structure dispensing with intake and exhaust valves (int-he commonly accepted sense),

, and the elimination of many parts usually regarded as essential to engines.

Another object of this invention, which is of distinctive advantage, is the provision of a structure which is grouped closely 'around the driven shaft, occupying relatively small space and composed of few parts, which are easily removable rendering such installations my engine can be directly connected to the propeller shaft without the necessity of offsetting same or altering the pitch. .This feature and the elimination of a reverse gear effects a very economical installation in marine motors.

Again, the structure hereinafter descrlbel is particularly applicable to airplane duty, 0 being light, powerful and rugged, and easily installed on apropeller shaft intandem relation, if desired. Because of itspeculiar structureit is not liable to many of the faults common to airplane engines. No timing gears are employed, no cam shafts or gearing and all the parts are direct act- 111g. v 7 Other objects and advantages will appear as this description proceeds. I 1

In this specification and the annexed drawings, the invention is illustrated in the form considered to be the best, but itis not limited to such form because it maybe embodied in other forms, and itis' also to be understood that in and by the claims following the description it is desired tocover the invention in whatever form it maybe embodied. I i

In the accompanying two sheets of drawings I Figure r V V 1 is a longitudinal view of my en tion of a bed cam. Referring to the drawings the numeral 1 gine in twin form a portionofsaid view being shown in. vertical longitudinal cross section and a portion thereof in side elevatien, i

Figure 2 is a top plan View partly in sec- Figure 3 is a central transverse section of Figure 2, taken on the lines IIIIII;

plate casting showing bearings which sustain the working parts of my engine,

Figure 4 is a cross section of a spool shaped'member on theirregular line IV IV of Figure 1,

t Figure 5 is a side elevation of a pis- Ony v Figures 6-and 7 are sections of Figure 5 taken on the'line VI,VI andVIIVII,

Figures 8 and 9 are respectively topand bottom plan views of thepiston shown in Figure 5, 1

Figure 10 ,isa'n outside elevation of a inder showing the exhaust side,

F igures 11 and 12 are crosslsections of Figure 10 takenon the lines XI Xl an-d I XII- -XII, V the engine adaptable to marine duty. In

Figures 13and 14 arerespectively'end elevation [and SldB elevation of a split collar indicates in its entirety,v a crank casecast 'ing in substantially rectangular formgprovided with l'ugs2, at the corhersand inter mediate the length thereof, having bolt openings 3-for securing the crank case to a si1itable foundation (not shown). Cast integral with crank-case 2 archearings, indicated. in Figure 2, 4 and 6, indlcating the end, bearings, and 7 and 8 indicating twin center bearings. I v j.-

Bea-ring standards 8 are secured to the bearings 4 and 6 by bolts extendingthr'ough the openings '3. vThe upper end of the 'stand-' ards '8 .form'a split. bearing, said bearings being" the outside bearings which support. trunnion's 11 and 11 on cylinders 12 and 12 oscillatively .mounted in said bearings. The trunnions on the side remote from the standards 8 have their hearing in the ends of a' casting 13, Figure 1, and said casting 13 is provided with twin-bearings in the base which registerwith and arejsecured to the .twinbearings ,7 and 8 inthe crank case 1, being secured thereto'by bolts passing through openings 14 in said crankcase.-

cyl-

In my engine I employa composite crank shaft flywheel ,;and compressor mechanism, j

and, for the purposes of simplicity in description, I will now describe, the external assembly which forms the crank shaft and flywheel and, later, describe the internal mechanism and coacting parts which admit, compress, and distribute air and fuel.

At 16 I show a disc circular in form having integral crank 17, the offset portion 16 of which is supported in the split bearing 4i of the crankcase 1 and standard 8. The disc 16 is secured as by bolts 15 to aspoolshaped member 18. As the spool shaped member 18 is symmetrical, having sin functions on each of its ends, and as the crank shafts 1G and discs 16 joined to said spool are identical, and secured to said spool in the same manner, but one will be described, and in Figure 1, this assembly shown partly in section and partly in elevation for the purposes of better illustration. T he cranks 17 are in eccentric relation to the discs 16 and inassembly said cranks 17 are diametrically opposed when the parts are bolted together by bolts 15. When so assembled a crank shaft is formed, the ends 16 of which are supported in the end bearings 4; and 6 of the bed plate, and the spool member 18 has its bearing in a bushing 19, Figurcs 13 and 14, which in turn rests in the twin bearings 7 and 8 at the center of the bed plate (said bushing being mounted for limited rotation in said bearings for purposes to be later described). When so assembled the parts form a crank shaft, the spool member 18 and the discs 16 serving as a flywheel, while the cranks 17 are engaged bysplit bearings 21 in the end of a piston 22, Figure 5. The piston 22 reciprocates in a cylinder 12*. Each reciprocation ot the piston 22rotates the crank 16 one revolution,

and the cylinder 12 rocks on itstrunnions I will now describe means contained with- 1n and'associated with, the spool member 18 oi? the composite flywheel and crank sha'tt pressed air I provide the rollowing mechanism. The rod 23 is provided with a rack section indicated at 28, FigureLita-engagement with a toothed segment '29 pivoted on a bolt 31. The bolt 31 extends through bearings 32, Figure 4:, integral with the spool '18.

t 33 Ishow a reinforcing web of metal giving rigidity to the bearings 32 and said web rotates with said spool through a cam slot, indicated at 34, Figures 1 and 14. The purpose of the oblique cam slot 3 1 is to guide and actuate (during the rotation of said spool) a roller 36 secured to and revoluble on the segment 29, and thereby reciprocate the dumb-bell pistons 2d and 243 (through the rack and tooth engagement of segment 29 with the rod ofsaid piston), the segment 29 serving as a lever fulcrumm on pin 31, force being applied by the stationary cam slot 34: to the roller 36. It results from this structure so far described that one revolution 01' the crank shaft (or spool 18) will eifect one reciprocation of the dumbbell pistons 24c and 2d" and compress fluid in the chambers 2T and 27". Each of said chambers has a function on either side of pistons 2 1 and 241", said chambers bei. divided by thepis't-ons 2a and2d one site 2'7 of a piston compressing a fuel charge and the opposite side 27 of said piston (on the return stroke) compressing air for scavenging the products oi combustion from the cylinder in a manner to be later described.

Referring to Figure 1, assuming that the engine is rotated in a clockwise direction to a spectator standing onthe left oi said figure the dumbbell piston 24 will move to the right compressing fuel in chamber 27 which passes through passages 37 in the crank 17 which open on the periphery of said crank and discharge into a chamber 38 of piston 22 slida-ble in a cylinder 12. Passages 452 are bored obliquely in the head -o'r' said piston terminating on the periphery thereof in register with slots 13 in the inner wall of the cylinder 12, lVhen the ston 22 moves up 'intocylinder 12 till the ports 42 register with the slots 43 the compressed fuel enters the cylinder 12. The piston in its upward movement passes the upper ends of the slots 13 thus cutting oil theliue]. supply and the continued movement of said piston gives the fuel charge its final compression until it is tired by the spark plug 14. On the return stroke of piston 22 exhaust ports 46 are uncovered, allowing the products of combustion tovcsca-pe through exhaust ports 46, comimmicating with a passage 4.? leading to the hollow trunnion 11. As the piston 22 descends the piston 24- returns, the opposite face 27? of said piston "compressing air in chamber 27. The air compressed in chamber2 passes through a port 18 which at this time is in register with a passage as in the bushing 19,, said passage leadin'g to a chamber 51, which opens into a'compressed air chamber 52 in the castingv 13. -A passage of air from chamber 51 to chamber 52 is governed by check valves 53, the stems of which are llO nets of combustion through exhaust ports 46,

through a passage 47, and out through trunnion 11 to any suitable exhaust manifold (not shown). It will-be understood that the registration of the port 59 occurs as the cylinder 12 rockson its trunnions. Therebeing no wrist p111 or connecting rod in this type of engine, the crank movement is-compensated by'the oscillation of the cylinders which are pivoted on trunnions.

In order to clarify the description, the explauation"of the compression of fuel 1 charge and airj for scavenging, I wish to state that the entire mechanism 1s similar,

on opposite sides-of the'central line, indicated in Figure 1, at CC, th'e'parts being, of course, in right and left relation and the piston heads 24 and 24" perform exactly the same functions; v V 7 When'the dumb-bell piston is moved in one direction it serves cylinder 12 with a fuel charge, and cylinder 12 with a scavenging'charge, and, when said dumbbell piston is actuated in the opposite direction, it serves 12 with a fuel charge and 12 with a scavenging charge.

\Vhile the outside surface of a piston is forcing a fuel charge to cylinder 12 the corresponding face of the twin piston is drawiug in a fuel charge to be later delivered to cylinder 12 Y I will now describe the means by which air and fuel is admitted to the chambers 2'1" and 27".- The operation will'be more easily understood if it is kept in mind that the adjacent chambers 27 at all times compress and distribute air, while the chambers 27 at the remote ends of the dumb-bell piston at all times compress and distribute a -i fuel charge.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3 I show a compartment 63 in the base of the crank case casting 1, to which air is admitted through a pipe 64 threaded in the wall thereof. The split bearing portion of the crank case is provided with slots 66 which register with ports 67 in the cam bushing 19, Figures 1, 13-and 14, as the same rotates in the bearing of the crank case.

In the crank case casting 1, I show compart mcnts 68, similar to the compartment 63 being separated therefrom by a parting wall 69.

These compartments 68 contain fuel ad mitted throughpipes -71 from any suitable source, such as a carburetor (notshown).

I have purposely avoided showing carburation, ignition and lubrication means as any of" several well known types are applicable to my engine. It will be undera stood that lubricating vmedium might be mixed with the fuel or might be in ected w1th the scavenging charge already (l6- scribed.

'Obviously, my engine may be timed and reversedvv by a slight rotation of the cam bushing member-'19, Figure 14. This-will alter the position of the cam slot 34- and advance or retard the dumb-bell pistonof said movement. I V Referring to Figure 1 the cup members movement in a degree corresponding to that are urged to seat in the'ends of the hollow trunnions of the cylinders 12 and 1.2 by a,

coiled spring72 which extends into said cups The urge of the spring 72 keeps the ,cups 'firmly seated and thus compensates for wear due to oscillation of. the cylinders.

The timing of the admissionof; the scavenging-charge may be regulated by a push rod 73, F lgure 1, which extends through open ings M in theside walls of the casting 13;,

Said push rod is provided with. grooves 76 whichengage the ends of the cup members 65*affordingv a meansof rotating said cups simultaneously. e Fuel entering compartment..68 through pipe171;.passes in through slots 75, Figure'2,

through ports 77 in bushing 19, thence through a groove 78, Figures 1 and 4, in I the spool member 18, through a passage 79' in therod23 of the dumbbell piston thus entering chamber 24; 7 i

'Air entering compartment 63 through pipe Getpasse's through slots 66, through ports 67 in bushing 19, thence througha groove 81, Figures 1 and t, in spool :18, and

passes to chamber 27th rough a groove 82 in the periphery of rod 23. 1 'I claim:

1.' In an engine, the combination with a base'member anda pair of cylinders oscillatively mounted thereon, of a composite flywheel and crankshaft, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders and directly connected to said crankshaft, said pistons and said crankshaft provided with'passages communicating, when in register with the combustion chambers of said cylinders, and means in isaid composite'crankshaft and flywheel, re-

sponsive to the rotation thereof, for alter? nately scavenging one of said cylinders and refueling the other through said passages.

2. In an engine a composite crankshaft and flywheel comprising "a shaftprovided' with-a crank and with an enlarged hollow flywheel portion concentric with said shaft, a p1s'ton reciprocablein said flywheel portion adapted, when reciprocated, to alter- 'nately intake and discharge air and fuel through passages extending through said composite shaft. V

3. In an engine a composite crankshaft and flywheel comprising ashaft provided with a crank and with an enlarged hollow flywheel portion concentric with said shaft, a piston reciproc-able in said flywheel portion adapted, when reciprocated, to alternately intake and discharge air and fuel through passages extending through said composite shaft, and means cooperating with a stationary part, for causing rotation of said crank shaft to reciprocate said piston.

4. An internal combustion engine comp-rising a base member, a pair of cylinders 0scillatively mounted on said base, pistons reciprocabl-e in said cylinders, a composite crankshaft and flywheel, the cranks of which are directly connected to said pistons, said crankshaft and said pistons provided with passages 'theretl'rrough which, when in regster, communicate with the combustion chambers of said cylinders, and said crankshaft also provided with enlarged hollow flywheel portions concentric with said shaft,

:1 duinlorhell piston adapted to reciprocate in said hollow portions Whensaid shaft is provided with crank portions, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders and directly con nected to said crank portions, said shaft also provided with hollow enlarged portions, concentric with said shaft, a dumb-hell piston, reciprocable in'said hollow portions and adapted, when reciprocated, to simultaneously serve both "of said cylinders by provided with hollow enlarged portions concentric with .aid shaft, a dumbbell-piston, reciprocable in said hollow portions and adapted, when reciprocated, to simultaneously serve both of said cylinders by alternately scavenging one of said cylinders and simultaneously r fueling the other through passages extending through said composite shaft andcommunicating duringa portion of each rotation withpassages through said pistons, and means, responsive to the rotation of said shaft, for reciprocating said dumb-bell piston. .i

In testimony whereof I my signature.

EDYVARD :O." BENNETT. 

